Dr. iur. María Vásquez Callo-Müller, LL.M.

Post-doctoral Fellow
T+41 41 229 54 52
maria.vasquez@unilu.ch
Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
Room 4.A30
CV
María Vásquez Callo-Müller is a post-doctoral researcher at the European Research Council funded project: Trade Law for the Data-Driven Economy (Trade Law 4.0), led by Prof. Dr. Mira Burri.
María is an experienced researcher and consultant on digital trade issues. Before joining the University of Lucerne, María was a doctoral fellow at the World Trade Institute (WTI), University of Bern. She has also been a visiting doctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition. María regularly acts as a consultant to the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Policy Support Unit and has also consulted for other organizations such as the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) on digital trade policies.
María holds an LLM in Intellectual Property Law from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (a joint project of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, the University of Augsburg, the Technische Universität München, and the George Washington University Law School, Washington, D.C.) and a Master of Advanced Studies in International Law and Economics (MILE) from the WTI. She received her Attorney-at-Law degree from Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Law School and, during her undergraduate studies, was a visiting student at the school of international relations at Peking University.
María’s research agenda lies at the intersection of the regulation of digital technologies and trade, particularly in the areas of intellectual property rights, data governance, and cybersecurity.
Publications
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Digital Services Trade and Intellectual Property: Surveying the Ground in Free Trade Agreements, in: Swiss Review of International and European Law (SRIEL) 36/2026, pp. 199–213
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Sucker Franziska, Evolving approaches to cross-border data flows: Latin American and African perspectives, in: International Data Privacy Law 16/2/2026, pp. 1–17, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipaf037
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Mesmer Anja, The EFTA–Singapore Digital Economy Agreement: Positioning Switzerland in the Landscape of Digital Trade Law, in: Jusletter 2026
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Mesmer Anja, Understanding Digital Economy Agreements as a New Model of Trade Governance, in: Legal Issues of Economic Integration 52/3/2025, pp. 219–250, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Legal+Issues+of+Economic+Integration/52.3%20[pre-publication]/LEIE2025011
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, From APEC to Global: The Establishment of the Global CBPR Forum, in: International Data Privacy Law 20/2/2025, pp. 130–143, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2025014
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Mesmer Anja, Digital Economy Agreements: A Path To Digital Trade Law 4.0?, in: Trade, Law and Development 17/2025, pp. 185–217, https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6873823
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Charting the Course: Trips-Plus Agreements and the Intersection of Intellectual Property with Digital Trade, in: American University Law Review 73/2024, pp. 167–179, https://aulawreview.org/blog/charting-the-course-trips-plus-agreements-and-the-intersection-of-intellectual-property-with-digital-trade/
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Accommodating AI Innovation: The Potential of Free Trade Agreements to Facilitate a More Flexible Interpretation of the TRIPS Three-Step Test, in: Indian Journal of Intellectual Property Law IJIPL 14/2024
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Ortega Diego/Matsuno Alejandro, The WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge: Situating a Landmark Development in International Intellectual Property Governance, in: GRUR International 73/12/2024, pp. 1128–1136, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikae140
- Burri Mira/Kugler Kholofelo/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, The Evolution of Digital Trade Law: Insights from TAPED, in: World Trade Review 23/2024, pp. 190–207, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030774
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, FTAs’ Contribution Towards a More Flexible Copyright Space: Possibilities and Limits, in: American University International Law Review 38/1/2023, pp. 159–195, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12760877
- Kugler Kholofelo/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Digital Trade, Development, and Inequality, in: AJIL Unbound: Symposium on Digital Trade and International Law 117/2023, pp. 116–121, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10979125
- Nath Upreti Pratyush/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, RCEP IP Chapter: Another TRIPS-Plus Agreement?, in: GRUR International 70/7/2021, pp. 667–671, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab047
- Nath Upreti Pratyush/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Phase One US-China Trade Deal: What Does It Mean for Intellectual Property?, in: GRUR International 69/4/2020, pp. 389–393, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa033
- Rojid F/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Investment Law and Poverty: Continuing the Debate through UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development, in: The Journal of World Investment & Trade 15/5–6/2014, pp. 889–907
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Future-Proofing the Global CBPR Forum, in: Drexl, J./Hennemann, M./Boshe, P./Wiedemann, K. (Eds.), Comparative Data Law: The Munich Global Data Law Conference, Cham 2025, pp. 269–280, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91401-0_14
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen/Kugler Kholofelo/Roux Marine/Liu Yinuo/Cottier Thomas, The Future Design of Intellectual Property Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Three Propositions, in: Claussen, Kathleen/Elsig, Manfred/Polanco, Rodrigo (Eds.), The Concept Design of a Twenty-First Century Preferential Trade Agreement: Trends and Future Innovations, Cambridge University Press 2025, pp. 106–130, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91401-0_14
- Vasquez Callo-Müller Maria, Data Regulation and Preferential Trade Agreements, in: Cottier, Thomas/Nadakavukaren Schefer, Krista (Eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, online 2023, https://www.elgaronline.com/display/book/9781800882324/III.11.3.1.xml?tab_body=fulltext-copy1
- Vasquez Callo-Müller Maria, TRIPS-plus Agreements, in: Cottier, Thomas/Nadakavukaren Schefer, Krista (Eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, online 2023, https://www.elgaronline.com/display/book/9781800882324/III.11.3.1.xml?tab_body=fulltext-copy1
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Situating the Pacific Alliance in Global Electronic Commerce Regulation, in: Sauvé, Pierre/Polanco Lazo, Rodrigo/Álvarez Zárate, José Manuel (Eds.), The Pacific Alliance in a World of Preferential Trade Agreements, Lessons in Comparative Regionalism, Cham 2019, pp. 177–202, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78464-9
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Data Protection Regulation in Digital Trade Agreements, WEF and ACKF Policy Brief, 15/04/2026
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Emerging Technologies Regulation in Digital Trade Agreements, WEF and ACKF Policy Brief, 15/04/2026
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Developing Countries and Digital Trade, Report for the Mission of Japan in Geneva, 15/03/2026
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, UK’s Digital Trade Agreements: Implications for DRCF Regulators, Report for the UK Government, 15/03/2026
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, The State of Digital Trade Rulemaking: Lessons from Asia and Africa, WEF Community Paper, 15/03/2026
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Navigating Artificial Intelligence Landscape in APEC: Balancing Development and Oversight, Policy Brief 65, 15/04/2025
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Source Code Regulation in Trade Agreements, WEF and ACKF Policy Brief, 15/02/2025
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Cross-Border Data Flows Regulation in FTAs and DEAs: Implications for ASEAN, WEF and ACKF Policy Brief, 2025
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Data Policies for AEC Post-2025 Vision, Where Next? Priorities for the ASEAN Economic Community Post-2025, 2025, pp. 74–90
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo-Müller Maria, Non-Discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products, 15/08/2024
- Burri Mira/Vasquez Callo-Müller Maria, Digital Economy Agreements: A Closer Look at the New Phenomenon in Digital Trade Rulemaking, 15/06/2024
- Burri Mira/Kugler Kholofelo/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, The Regulation of Personal Data Protection, Cross-Border Data Flows, Data Localization, and the Non-Disclosure of Source Code in Free Trade Agreements’, Consultancy for the Identification and Survey of International Best Practices in the Field of Digital Trade Regulation for Technical Support to the Integration and Trade Sector (RG-T4108), 15/04/2024
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and the Digital Economy, Bangkok 2021
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, GDPR and CBPR: Reconciling Personal Data Protection and Trade, Policy Brief, 23, Singapore 2018, https://www.apec.org/Publications/2018/10/GDPR-and-CBPR---Reconciling-Personal-Data-Protection-and-Trade
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Neha Mishra, International Trade Law and Global Data Governance: Aligning Perspectives and Practices Hart Publishing, 2024, in: World Trade Review 23/4/04/04/2025, pp. 1–3, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745624000235
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Confronting the perils of datafication through international economic law, in: Journal of International Economic Law 2024, pp. 1–6, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgae036
- Pérez Restrepo Camilo/Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, Patent Cooperation Mechanisms in the Pacific Alliance: An Initial Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Patent Prosecution Highway for Intra-Regional Trade Integration, SECO Working Paper, 16, 06/12/2016, http://seco.wti.org/media/filer_public/18/ca/18cab13c-a98f-44f1-8361-23c249d12e59/working_paper_no_16_2016_vasquez_and_perez.pdf
- Vasquez Callo Maria del Carmen, The regulation of trade in information and communication technology services in Chile, Colombia and Peru. A comparative analysis of the rules contained in regional trade agreements, SECO Working Paper, 16, 01/11/2014, http://seco.wti.org/media/filer_public/a2/30/a230bb24-3920-4047-9c4b-45f86c413fd5/wti_seco_wp_16_2014.pdf