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Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity. Transdisciplinary Enquiries.
This innovative book provides transdisciplinary analyses of the nature and dynamics of digital game environments, whilst tackling the existing fragmentation of academic research.
Digital game environments are of increasing economic, social and cultural value. As their influence on diverse facets of life grows, states have felt compelled to intervene and secure some public interests. Yet, the contours of a comprehensive governance model are far from recognisable and governments are grappling with the complexity and fluidity of online games and virtual worlds as private spaces and as experimental fields for creativity and innovation. This book contributes to a more comprehensive and fine-grained understanding of digital game environments, which is a precondition for addressing any of the pressing governance questions posed. Particular attention is given to the concept and policy objective of cultural diversity, which also offers a unique entry point into the discussion of the appropriate legal regulation of digital games.
Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity will be of interest to researchers of media law, internet law and governance, cultural studies, anthropology and sociology. As the book addresses a highly topical theme, it will attract the attention of policymakers at national, regional and international levels and will also serve as a great resource tool for scholars in new media and, in particular, digital games and virtual worlds.
Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2010



Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment
In the face of increasing globalisation and a collision between global communication systems and local traditions, this book offers innovative transdisciplinary analyses of the value of traditional cultural expressions (TCE) and suggests appropriate protection mechanisms for them. It combines approaches from history, philosophy, anthropology, sociology and law, and charts previously untravelled paths for developing new policy tools and legal designs that go beyond conventional copyright models. Its authors extend their reflections to the consideration of the specific features of the digital environment, which, despite enhancing the risks of misappropriation of traditional knowledge and creativity, may equally offer new opportunities for revitalising indigenous peoples´ values and provide for the sustainability of TCE.
This book will appeal to scholars interested in multidisciplinary analyses of the fragmentation of international law in the field of intellectual property and traditional cultural expressions. It will also be valuable reading for those working on broader governance and human rights issues.
Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2008



Preface to "Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment", Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2008



Using Human Rights to Tackle Fragmentation in the Field of Traditional Cultural Expressions, in: Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment, Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2008, pp. 96-120.
written by Christoph Beat Graber



Substantive Rights and Obligations under the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity, in: Hildegard Schneider/Peter van den Bossche (eds.), Protection of Cultural Diversity from an International and European Perspective, Intersentia, Antwerp 2008, p. 141-162 (pre-published as NCCR Trade working paper No. 2008/08, May 2008).
written by Christoph Beat Graber Substantive-Rights.pdf


The Long Tail of the Rainbow Serpent: New Technologies and the Protection and Promotion of Traditional Cultural Expressions, in: Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment, Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2008, pp. 205-236.
written by Mira Burri-Nenova



Commerciaizing Cultural Heritage? Criteria for a Balanced Instrumentalization of Traditional Cultural Expressions for Development in a Globalized Digital Environment, in: Christoph Beat Graber/Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2008, pp. 256-286
written by Miriam Sahlfeld



Commentary to Article 71 of the Swiss Federal Constitution, in: Bernhard Ehrenzeller et al. (eds.), Die Schweizerische Bundesverfassung, 2nd edition, Zurich: Schulthess, 2008, pp. 1279-1285 (together with Thomas Geiser)
written by Christoph Beat Graber



Das totemische Polygon und der Schutz traditioneller kultureller Äusserungen – Vermittlung zwischen globalem Recht und lokalen Traditionen
(The Totemic Polygon and the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions - Intermediation between Global Law and Local Traditions), in: Paolo Becchi/Christoph Beat Graber/Michele Luminati (eds.), Interdisziplinäre Wege in der juristischen Grundlagenforschung, Schulthess, Zurich 2007, pp. 63-98
written by Christoph Beat Graber



Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Matrix of Copyright, Cultural Diversity and Human Rights, in: Fiona Macmillan (ed.), New Directions in Copyright Law, Vol. 5, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2007, pp. 45-71
written by Christoph Beat Graber Traditional-Cultural-Matrix.pdf


Traditional Knowledge at the International Level: Current Approaches and Proposals for a Bigger Picture that Include Cultural Diversity, in: Hansjörg Seiler/Jörg Schmid (eds.), Recht des ländlichen Raums. Festgabe der Universität Luzern für Paul Richli zum 60. Geburtstag, Schulthess, Zurich 2006, pp. 243-282 (together with Martin Girsberger)
written by Christoph Beat Graber

Traditional-Knowledge.pdf

Journal Articles

Online-Computerspiele der SRG: Noch nicht ´game over´, in: medialex 14:1, 2009, pp. 51-52.
written by Thomas Steiner
U1 TV: kein Anspruch auf Aufschaltung im analogen Kabelnetz, in: medialex 14:1, 2009, p. 48.
written by Thomas Steiner
Trade and Culture: Making the WTO Legal Framework Conducive to Cultural Considerations, in: Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2008, pp. 3-39.
written by Mira Burri-Nenova

Trade versus Culture in the Digital Environment: An Old Conflict in Need of a New Definition, in: Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 17-62; NCCR Working Paper No 2008/17
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 Working-Paper-2008_17.pdf
Protecting Cultural Diversity in the Digital World (original article in German: In der digitalen Welt die kulturelle Vielfalt schützen), in: UniPress: Forschung und Wissenschaft, No 136, April 2008
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 Digitale-Welt.pdf
Regulatory Objectives for Contemporary Electronic Communications: Between a Rock and a Hard Place, in: International Journal of Communications Law and Policy, Issue 12, 2008, pp. 276-312
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
The New Audiovisual Media Services Directive: Television Without Frontiers, Television Without Cultural Diversity, in: Common Market Law Review, Vol. 44, Issue 6, 2007, pp. 1689-1725
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
The Changing Environment of Audiovisual Media: New Technologies, New Patterns of Consumer / Business Behaviour and Their Implications for Audiovisual Media Regulation, in: medialex 4/2007, pp. 171-179
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
The Reform of the EC Audiovisual Media Regulation: Television without Cultural Diversity, in: International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 14 Issue 2, 2007, pp. 169-204
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
The Law of the World Trade Organization and the Communications Law of the European Community: On a Path of Harmony or Discord?; in: Journal of World Trade, 41:4, 2007, pp. 833-878
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
The Art of Provocation: The Withdrwal of Mozart´s Opera "Idomeneo" as an Irritation of Law and Society (Die Kunst zu provozieren: Die Absetzung der Mozart-Opera "Idomeneo" als Irritation für Recht und Gesellschaft), in: Jusletter, 9 July 2007
written by Thomas Steiner
 Die-Kunst.pdf
The New Concept of Universal Service in a Digital Networked Communications Environment, in: I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Spring 2007, pp. 117-146
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
When the Opera Censures Itself (Wenn die Oper sich selbst zensiert), in: Jusletter, 21 May 2007
written by Thomas Steiner
 Oper.pdf
Creative Commons, in: medialex 2/2007 (original article in German)
written by Miriam Sahlfeld
How Does ICT Work for Development: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities, in: African Technology Development Forum, Vol. 4:1, 2007, pp. 22-36
written by Miriam Sahlfeld
 ICT-Works.pdf
SRG-Gebühren: Ein zulässiger Hebel ins Internet?, in: medialex 4/2005, pp. 214-225 (together with Philipp Zurkinden)
written by Christoph Beat Graber
 Hebel.pdf
The UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity: A Counterbalance to the WTO?, in: Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 9, No 3, 2006, pp. 553-574
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Culture and the Digital Copyright Chimera: Assessing the International Regulatory System of the Music Industry in Terms of Cultural Diversity, in: International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 59-97
written by John Lee Curtis

NCCR Working Papers

The Protection and Promotion of Cultural Diversity in a Digital Networked Environment: Mapping Possible Advances to Coherence, NCCR Trade Working Paper No. 2009/36, August 2009
written by Mira Burri-Nenova, Christoph Beat Graber and Thomas Steiner.

The Protection and Promotion of Cultural Diversity at the International Level, NCCR Working Paper 2009/10, forthcoming in Cultural Diversity: Issues, Challenges and Perspectives, Nova Science Publishers, New York 2009
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Cultural Diversity and the EC Audiovisual Media Services Directive: Beyond the Handsome Rhetoric, NCCR Working Paper 2009/09
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
State Aid for Digital Games and Cultural Diversity: A Critical Reflection in Light of EU and WTO Law, NCCR Working Paper 2009/08, March 2009, forthcoming in: Christoph Beat Graber and Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2009
written by Christoph Beat Graber
State-Aid.pdf
Online Games under WTO Law: Unresolved Issues, NCCR Working Paper 2009/3, February 2009
written by Thomas Steiner
 Online-Games.pdf
Trade and Culture: Keep the Border Fuzzy, Please, NCCR Working Paper 2009/2, February 2009
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
(written for the International Conference ´Trade And? The World Trade Organization´s Fuzzy Borders´, organised by NCCR Trade and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 5-6 February 2009, Geneva)

User Created Content in Virtual Worlds and Cultural Diversity, NCCR Working Paper 2009/1, January 2009
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Advertising in Online Games and EC Audiovisual Media Regulation, NCCR Working Paper 2008/3
written by Thomas Steiner
 Advertising.pdf
Can Modern Law Safeguard Archaic Cultural Expressions? Observations from a Legal Sociology Perspective, in: Christoph Antons (ed.), Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual Property Law in the Asia-Pacific Region, Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands 2009, p. 159-176 (pre-published as NCCR Working Paper 2007/09, April 2007)
written by Christoph Beat Graber
 Modern-Law.pdf
New Technologies and the Protection and Promotion of Traditional Cultural Expressions, NCCR Working Paper 2007/22, reprinted in Traditional Knowledge, Icfai University Press, 2009
written by Mira Burri-Nenova

Publications in Press

Christoph Beat Graber, Trade and Culture (forthcoming in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed.) Max-Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Oxford University Press 2008/2009)

Mira Burri Nenova, Reformulating Public Service Broadcasting in a Digital Environment (forthcoming 2009)

Christoph Beat Graber and Mira Burri-Nenova (eds.), Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/UK 2010)

Reports / Presentations

Trade and Culture: Paths to (Re)conciliation, A guest blog post on the relationship between trade and culture in international context for the intlawgrrls: voices on international law, policy and practice blog.
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Trade and Culture: Keep the Border Fuzzy, Please, key note speech to the international conference ´Trade-And? The World Trade Organization´s Fuzzy Borders´, 5-6 February 2009, Geneva, organised by the Graduate School of International and Development Studies and the NCCR Trade
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Book review of ´Public Broadcasting and European Law: A Comparative Examination of Public Service Obligations in Six Member States´, by Irini Katsirea (Kluwer Law International, 2008), review forthcoming in European Law Review, Vol. 34, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 336-338
written by Mira Burri-Nenova

User Created Content and Cultural Diversity in Online Worlds, presentation at the international workshop "Governance of Online Worlds and Cultural Diversity", Lucerne, 12 September 2008
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 User-created-content.pdf
Cultural Diversity, contribution to the Civil Society Background Paper prepared for the OECD Ministerial Meeting
"The Future of the Internet", 17-18 June 2008, Seoul
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Book Review of Michael Holoubek, Dragana Damjanovic and Matthias Traimer (eds.), Regulating Content − European Regulatory Framework for the Media and Related Creative Sectors, Kluwer Law International in (2007) 44 Common Market Law Review, pp. 1835-1837)
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 bookreview_Holoubek.pdf
New Directions in the Protection of Cultural Diversity in a Digital Networked Environment, presentation at the Annual NCCR Site Visit, 10 July 2008, World Trade Institute, University of Bern
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 New_directions.pdf
New Technologies and the Protection and Promotion of Traditional Cultural Expressions, key note presentation at the international symposium “Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment", organised by the eDiversity project at the University of Lucerne, 8-9 June 2007, Lucerne
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 New_technologies.pdf
Traditional Cultural Expressions and Their Significance for Development in a Digital Environment, key note presentation at the international symposium “Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment", organised by the eDiversity project at the University of Lucerne, 8-9 June 2007, Lucerne
written by Miriam Sahlfeld
 Traditional_cultural_expressions.pdf
Drivers and Inhibitors of Interoperability, presented (together with Peter Brown) at the Workshop on ICT Interoperability and eInnovation, organised by the Research Center for Information Law at the University of St. Gallen and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, Weissbad, 19-20 January 2007 (workshop programme here)
Main Issues Discussed: • What are the driving and inhibiting forces that have led to the status quo in the different areas examined? • How does the level of interoperability (and the method by which it is achieved) vary in relation to e.g. business models, customer needs, nature of a product (platform or stand-alone), product maturity, market maturity, type of technology, political and regulatory environment and other relevant factors?
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
 e_innovation.pdf
From Niches to Riches? The Long Tail and Thoughts on Some of its Implications, presentation at the World Trade Institute, University of Bern, 6 February 2007
written by Mira Burri-Nenova
Niches_to_riches.pdf
Wanjina and Wunggurr: Native Title, Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Cultural Expressions in Australia, paper presented at the 2008 Joint Annual Meetings of Law and Society Association and Canadian Law and Society Association in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 29 May - 1 June 2008
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Using Human Rights to Tackle Fragmentation in the Field of Traditional Cultural Expressions: An Institutional Approach, paper presented at the Faculty of Law Seminar on Legal Safeguards for Traditional Cultural Expressions, organised by the Centre for Comparative Law and Developments Studies in Asia and the Pacific and The Legal Intersections Research Centre at the University of Wollongong, Australia, 31 October 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Developing Legal Safeguards for Traditional Cultural Expressions: Collisions of Archaic and Modern Patterns of Social Organisation, presentation at the International Conference "Law and Society in the 21st Century", Humboldt-University, Berlin, 25-28 July 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Cultural Diversity, Human Rights and Democracy, presentation at the NCCR Trade Regulation Annual Conference 2007, University of Bern, Bern, 3-4 July 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Legal Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions, key note presentation at the international symposium “Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment", organised by the eDiversity project at the University of Lucerne, Lucerne, 8-9 June 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Substantive Rights and Obligations under the UNESCO Convention, presentation at the conference “The Protection of Cultural Diversity from an International and European Perspective” at the University of Maastricht, Maastricht, 18-19 March 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Rechtsfragmentierung und Regimekollisionen: Neue Forschungsfragen im internationalen Medienrecht (Fragmentation of Law and Regime Collisions: Novel Research Questions in International Media Law), presentation part of the "Zukunftswerkstatt“ of the Saxer Foundation at the Institute for Journalism and Media Studies (Institut für Publizistikwissenschaft und Medienforschung) of the University of Zurich, Zurich, 5 March 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Modernes Recht zum Schutz archaischer kultureller Äusserungen? Beobachtungen aus rechtssoziologischer Sicht (Modern Law for the Protection of Archaic Cultural Expressions? Some Legal Sociology Observations), presentation part of the public speeches series “Interdisziplinarität und juristische Grundlagenforschung – aber wie?" (Interdisciplinarity and Research of the Fundaments of Law - But How Exactly?), organised by the Institute of Fundaments of Law “lucernaiuris” of the University of Lucerne, Lucerne, 11 January 2007
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Modern Law to Safeguard Archaic Cultural Expressions? Observations from a Legal Sociology Perspective, presentation at the workshop “Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual Property Law in the Asia-Pacific Region” at the Centre for Comparative Law and Development Studies in Asia and the Pacific, University of Wollongong, Australia, 19-20 December 2006; organised jointly with the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation and co-sponsored by the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Traditional Cultural Expressions, Copyright, Cultural Diversity and Human Rights, presented at the Workshop "Copyright, Corporate Power and Human Rights", organised by the Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of London, London, 27 January 2006
written by Christoph Beat Graber
Gleichlange Spiesse für Handel und Kultur im Völkerrecht? - Überlegungen zur neuen UNESCO-Konvention zur kulturellen Vielfalt im Verhältnis zur WTO, presented at the Anniversary Conference 2006 of the Swiss Federation of Cultural Managers, Zurich, 8 April 2006
written by Christoph Beat Graber
SRG-Gebühren: Ein zulässiger Hebel ins Internet?, presented together with Philipp Zurkinden at the Swiss Media Law Day 2005, organised by the Swiss journal of communications and media law "medialex" and MAZ – the Swiss School of Journalism, Bern, 13 October 2005
written by Christoph Beat Graber